When Athens Olympic chief Gianna Angelopoulos took up the torch at the closing ceremony of the Sydney Games in 2000 she was among the first to admit that Australia's success had left Greece with a hard act to follow.
Sydney was hailed as the "best Games ever" by outgoing International Olympic Committee (IOC) president Juan Antonio Samaranch and Angelopoulos said lessons had been learnt by Athens organisers who were already under fire over delays in their own preparations.
Angelopoulos acknowledged Sydney as an "inspiration and a challenge," and said in a statement after the closing ceremony: "We have gained valuable knowledge from the extremely successful management of these Games."
Sydney's often controversial Olympics minister Michael Knight was swiftly drafted into the IOC's Coordination Commission overseeing Athens by Samaranch.
Knight, who held the dual role of minister and president of the Sydney Organising Committee, was followed by the head of security at the 2000 Games, Peter Ryan.
In the wake of the September 11 attacks in the United States, Athens found itself facing a new security environment and turned to the trusted former British policeman.
Working with the Greek defence ministry and police, Ryan has advised on the planning for an unprecedented operation which saw the government sign over a $255-million security contract to a U.S.-led consortium in March.
VOLUNTEERS' ROLE
The army of enthusiastic Australian volunteers who won over Sydney visitors also left sceptics wondering if Greece, the smallest country to host a summer Games since Finland in 1952, would be able to meet the new benchmark.
"Volunteers have become a determining factor in the success of the Games," Athens 2004 volunteer programme manager Olga Kikou told Reuters.
"We learned from Sydney that volunteers need to understand their role in the organisation of the Games and feel important and useful.
"Therefore, we need to have the right number of volunteers so that certain areas won't be overstaffed and volunteers won't feel bored and lose their interest," said Kikou.
As a late-comer to the euro zone and a country still seeking convergence with its European Union partners, Athens also looked back to the 1992 Games in Barcelona which were credited with sparking urban regeneration in Spain's second city.
The Greek government was quick to hand a series of showpiece architectural projects, including a giant domed roof for the Olympic stadium, to Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava.
It was his visionary work on the Barcelona docks that was regarded as one of the main Olympic legacies in the Catalan city.
"Barcelona took the opportunity of the Olympic Games to focus redevelopment efforts on particular areas, such as the waterfront. In the planning for 2004, the post-Games' use has been central to every project," an organising committee (ATHOC) spokesperson told Reuters.
NEW HOMES
Organisers point to the redevelopment on the southern coast of the city at Faliron, where work is underway on a pedestrian bridge to open up the area to residents.
Following the Paralympics in September 2004 the Olympic village will be handed over to the publicly-owned Workers' Housing Association to create affordable homes for up to 20,000 people.
Officials also cite the decision to locate ATHOC's headquarters and the new weightlifting centre in rundown neighbourhoods in order to spur economic activity.
Knight warned the Greeks against wholesale copying of Barcelona and Sydney.
"Every successful host city plays to its own strengths rather than tries to imitate other cities," he wrote in the Sydney Morning Herald.
ATHOC claim their strength is Olympic heritage as the birthplace of the ancient Games and the scene of their 1896 revival.
"I think our goal of offering Games on a human scale coincides with the goal of the IOC not go grow the Games. To bring together the past history with modern facilities and modern technology will be a great legacy," said ATHOC director Spyros Capralos.
